HAGL Lesion

Quick Reference

The shoulder is the junction of three bones: the humerus (upper arm bone), the clavicle (collarbone), and scapula (shoulder blade). The ball-like head of the humerus fits into the cup-like end of the scapula (known as the "glenoid" or "shoulder socket"). This junction is commonly referred to as the shoulder socket, and is held together in part by ligaments, which connect bone to bone. When the humerus is forced out of the glenoid, whether by a fall on an outstretched arm, direct trauma to the area, or other injury, a dislocation occurs. A dislocation may cause the ligaments that join the humerus to the glenoid to tear away from their base on the humerus. This is known as a HAGL lesion, or Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligaments. It may be accompanied by a SLAP Lesion, Labral Tear, or a tear of the rotator cuff tendons.

Detailed Description

Causes and Risk Factors
Causes

Excess motion of the humerus within the glenoid by repeated throwing or similar motions may cause the labrum to tear. An acute injury, often resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand, can cause the condition as well.

Risk Factors

Frequent anterior (frontward) subluxation or acute dislocation pose the greatest risk for a HAGL Lesion.

Treatment

Procedures

If the problem persists, an orthopedic surgeon may decide to stitch the ligaments together and attach them to the humerus. While operating on the shoulder, he or she may stabilize the shoulder arthroscopically, thermally, or through an open-shoulder approach.

Medications

Non-prescription drugs, as directed by doctor.
Prevention

Strengthening the area around the shoulder, especially the rotator cuff muscles, makes for greater shoulder stability, and, thus, a reduced risk of a HAGL Lesion. Walking on slippery floors and improper falling also raise the risk of an injury to the shoulder.

Last updated: 14-Nov-00